Layer 1 (L1)

The name expresses a layered relationship. Base-network nodes validate blocks under their own rules; an L2 may use the base for data, proofs or settlement.

L1 nodes validate operations under the network’s own rules. The network determines which blocks it accepts and how it selects its history. Execution and data limits affect fees, capacity and costs for systems publishing information to it.

A rollup can execute operations separately and use an L1 to publish data and verify results. A sidechain maintains its own consensus. Sharing EVM compatibility or a bridge does not mean sharing all security guarantees.