Stack directory
Secure and scalable blockchain tech stack
Explore 66 profiles covering languages, networks, frameworks, libraries and infrastructure. From Solidity to Ethereum and Chainlink, learn how they work and when they fit your project.
Explore each technology
Languages
For writing smart contracts, Web3 services and protocol tooling. See the smart contract development service
- SolidityThe smart contract language for verifiable rules on EVM networks.
- TypeScriptTypes for blockchain interfaces, SDKs and services, with fewer errors in production.
- CairoA language for verifiable programs, used to write Starknet contracts.
- PythonAutomation, analysis and reconciliation of on-chain data in back-office work.
- JavaScriptWeb interfaces, wallet connections and asynchronous operations on the chain.
- RustPerformance and memory safety for contracts, nodes and Web3 tooling.
- VyperA minimalist, Pythonic alternative to Solidity focused on auditability.
- GoThe language of Ethereum, Cosmos nodes and infrastructure services.
- HaskellFunctional programming for modelling and writing validators on Cardano.
Blockchains
Networks and ecosystems. We assess execution, dependencies and operations before choosing where to deploy. See the blockchain development service
- BNB ChainBSC: EVM contracts with fees paid in BNB and a broad DeFi ecosystem.
- EthereumEVM contracts, tokens and final settlement on an open Proof of Stake network.
- PolygonPolygon PoS: EVM contracts secured by its own validators, with low fees.
- ArbitrumArbitrum One: EVM execution and layer 2 tooling on top of Ethereum.
- BaseAn EVM layer 2 on the OP Stack with tools for building applications.
- AvalancheAn EVM-compatible C-Chain and Avalanche L1s configured for each use case.
- SolanaPrograms, accounts and parallel execution on a high-throughput layer 1.
- CardanoL1 grounded in peer-reviewed research and extended UTXO model.
- PolkadotContracts, parachains and cross-network interoperability through XCM messages.
- Near ProtocolReadable, configurable accounts with asynchronous contracts in Rust or JavaScript.
- TezosMichelson contracts and on-chain governance that upgrades the protocol.
- HederaHashgraph consensus, a token service and EVM contracts with corporate governance.
- TronTransfers and contracts with Energy and Bandwidth resources.
- TONContracts and applications with asynchronous messaging, integrated with Telegram.
- MetisAndromeda: a layer 2 with EVM execution and decentralised block sequencing.
- OptimismOP Mainnet and the OP Stack for scaling EVM applications on Ethereum.
- StarknetCairo contracts on a layer 2 verified on Ethereum with STARK proofs.
- zkSync EraEVM contracts and programmable accounts on a validity-proof layer 2.
- LineaEVM execution backed by zero-knowledge validity proofs verified on Ethereum.
- ScrollEVM scaling with zero-knowledge proofs verified on Ethereum.
- SuiMove contracts and an object model for representing digital assets.
- AptosMove contracts with parallel execution for high-volume products.
- CosmosDedicated networks built with Cosmos SDK and cross-chain messaging over IBC.
- XRP LedgerPayments and digital asset issuance with settlement in a few seconds.
- StellarPayments, asset issuance and Soroban contracts on a network built to settle.
- BitcoinPayments, the UTXO model and transaction verification on the first blockchain.
- Internet ComputerCanisters that host on-chain logic and data, including serving applications.
- AlgorandAsset issuance, atomic transactions and contracts on the Algorand Virtual Machine.
- CeloStablecoin payments and EVM applications on an Ethereum layer 2.
- CronosEVM contracts built on Cosmos SDK, bridged to the Crypto.com ecosystem.
- MantleEVM execution and a modular architecture for scaling on Ethereum.
- SeiAn EVM network with parallel execution for trading and consumer dApps.
- InjectiveNative financial modules and programmable contracts for on-chain markets.
- SonicA fast-finality EVM network for interactive and consumer applications.
- HyperliquidHyperCore, HyperEVM and integration with its on-chain derivatives markets.
Frameworks
Development and testing tools, including migration profiles for retired environments. See the blockchain MVP service
- HardhatAn environment to compile, test and deploy contracts on EVM networks from Node.
- TruffleRetired framework, maintenance and migration of EVM projects.
- RemixA browser-based IDE for prototyping and verifying smart contracts quickly.
- FoundrySolidity tests, invariant fuzzing and command-line tooling for EVM networks.
- AnchorA Rust framework for defining program instructions and accounts on Solana.
- BrownieA Python framework for testing, deploying and operating contracts on EVM networks.
- ReactComponents and state management for Web3 application interfaces.
- Next.jsA React framework with indexable content for Web3 sites and applications.
- ExpressA minimalist Node.js framework for APIs and services that talk to the chain.
- Node.jsA JavaScript runtime for backends, indexers and server-side Web3 services.
Libraries & SDKs
Clients and components for connecting contracts, wallets and services. See the wallet development service
- Ethers.jsThe reference JavaScript library for interacting with Ethereum and EVM networks.
- Web3.jsA retired EVM library; projects that use it migrate to maintained clients.
- WagmiHooks for EVM wallets and contracts in React, Vue and other frontends.
- ViemA TypeScript client for EVM networks, modular and strictly typed by design.
- OpenZeppelinAudited Solidity contracts for tokens, access control and upgradeable systems.
- Web3.pyA Python library for interacting with Ethereum and other EVM networks.
Infrastructure
Oracles, indexers and nodes that keep products running in production. See the blockchain infrastructure service
- ChainlinkOracles for external data, randomness and cross-chain messaging for contracts.
- The GraphA network of indexers for querying blockchain data with GraphQL.
- IPFSVerifiable content storage addressed through content identifiers (CIDs).
- AlchemyA blockchain infrastructure provider with node APIs, data tools and webhooks.
- InfuraA long-standing RPC provider for Ethereum and EVM networks, part of Consensys.
- MoralisAggregated data APIs and event notifications across several blockchains.
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