Multiparty computation (MPC)

Protocols define what participants can learn and how many must cooperate. Security depends on participant and communication assumptions.

An MPC protocol distributes computation across participants under a defined security model. In threshold signing, enough participants cooperate without necessarily reconstructing the complete key on one device. The threshold and assumptions about malicious participants depend on the protocol.

MPC and multisig handle authorization differently. An MPC signature can appear as an ordinary signature on the network. That does not establish operational decentralization: one entity can control all participants or recovery mechanisms.